diff --git a/app/controllers/auth.controller.js b/app/controllers/auth.controller.js
index 2ab0790..8c6afab 100644
--- a/app/controllers/auth.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/auth.controller.js
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ exports.login = async (req, res) => {
     }else{
       const establishment_data = await Establishment.findByPk(userData.establishment_id);
       tokenData = { id: userData.id, email: userData.email , name: userData.name , role : userRole , establishment_id: userData.establishment_id , establishment_data , last_login : userData.last_login }
-      await EstablishmentUser.update({ last_login : Date() }, { where: { id: userData.id } });
+      await EstablishmentUser.update({ last_login : Date(), updated_by: req.user.id, updated_at: new Date() }, { where: { id: userData.id } });
     }
 
     const token = jwt.sign(tokenData, process.env.JWT_SECRET, {
diff --git a/app/controllers/config.controller.js b/app/controllers/config.controller.js
index 1846ae5..8bc8dad 100644
--- a/app/controllers/config.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/config.controller.js
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ exports.updateDeadlineData = async (req, res) => {
         first_reminder_days_before_deadline,
         second_reminder_days_before_deadline,
         updated_at: new Date(),
-        updated_by,
+        updated_by: req.body.updated_by || req.user.id,
       });
       
       res.status(200).json({ status: "success", message: "Deadline updated successfully", data: existing });
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ exports.updateDeadlineData = async (req, res) => {
         first_reminder_days_before_deadline,
         second_reminder_days_before_deadline,
         created_at: new Date(),
-        created_by,
+        created_by: req.body.created_by || req.user.id,
       });
 
       res.status(201).json({ status: "success", message: "Deadline created successfully", data: newRecord });
diff --git a/app/controllers/establishment.controller.js b/app/controllers/establishment.controller.js
index ccf4424..daf5708 100644
--- a/app/controllers/establishment.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/establishment.controller.js
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ exports.createEstablishment = async (req, res) => {
       non_emirati_female,
       total_emirati,
       total_employees,
-      created_by,
+      created_by: req.body.created_by || req.user.id,
       created_at: new Date(),
     });
 
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ exports.createEstablishment = async (req, res) => {
       name: establishment_user.name,
       email: establishment_user.email,
       password: hashedPassword,
+      created_by: req.body.created_by || req.user.id,
     });
 
     //send email to user
@@ -513,7 +514,8 @@ exports.updateEstablishment = async (req, res) => {
         return res.status(400).json({ status:"failed", message:"establishment_code already exists" });
       }
     }
-
+    estData.updated_by = estData.updated_by || req.user.id;
+    estData.updated_at = estData.updated_at || new Date();
     // update establishment
     await establishment.update(estData);
 
@@ -528,6 +530,8 @@ exports.updateEstablishment = async (req, res) => {
         if (establishment_user.password) {
           updateUser.password = await bcrypt.hash(establishment_user.password,10);
         }
+        updateUser.updated_by = updateUser.updated_by || req.user.id;
+        updateUser.updated_at = updateUser.updated_at || new Date();
         await user.update(updateUser);
       }
     }
@@ -549,7 +553,7 @@ exports.updateEstablishment = async (req, res) => {
       const newIds = incomingIds.filter(v => !oldIds.includes(v));
 
       for (let pid of newIds) {
-        await EstablishmentProduct.create({ establishment_id:id, product_id:pid });
+        await EstablishmentProduct.create({ establishment_id:id, product_id:pid, created_by: req.user.id});
       }
     }
 
@@ -701,6 +705,7 @@ exports.createRequest = async (req, res) => {
       additional_notes,
       establishment_user_id: user.id,
       establishment_id: establishment.id,
+      created_by: req.user.id,
     });
 
     // Trigger Email
@@ -795,13 +800,7 @@ exports.forgotPasswordRequestOTP = async (req, res) => {
       "Password Reset OTP",
       `<p>Dear ${adminUser.name},</p><p>Your OTP for password reset is <b>${otp}</b>. It is valid for 10 minutes.</p>`
     );
-
-
     }
-
-
-
-
     logger.info(`OTP sent to ${registered_email}`);
 
     return res.status(200).json({
@@ -1234,8 +1233,6 @@ exports.establishmentBulkUpload = async (req, res) => {
   }
 };
 
-
-
 // exports.establishmentBulkUpload = async (req, res) => {
 //   try {
 //     // Basic file & user validations
diff --git a/app/controllers/establishment_products.controller.js b/app/controllers/establishment_products.controller.js
index 724350f..65695d5 100644
--- a/app/controllers/establishment_products.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/establishment_products.controller.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const Product = db.Product;
 const UnitMaster = db.UnitMaster;
 exports.createEstablishmentProduct = async (req, res) => {
   try {
-
+    req.body.created_by = req.body.created_by || req.user.id;
     const data = await EstablishmentProduct.create(req.body);
     res.status(201).send({'status':"success",'message':"Creation successful",'data': data }); 
 
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ exports.getEstablishmentProductById = async (req, res) => {
 
 exports.updateEstablishmentProduct = async (req, res) => {
   try {
+    
+    req.body.updated_by = req.body.updated_by || req.user.id;    
+    req.body.updated_at = req.body.updated_at || new Date();
     const [updated] = await EstablishmentProduct.update(req.body, { where: { id: req.params.id } });
 
     if (!updated) res.status(404).send({'status':"failed",'message':"Record not found",'data': "" }); 
diff --git a/app/controllers/establishment_user.controller.js b/app/controllers/establishment_user.controller.js
index 644e834..630a3fc 100644
--- a/app/controllers/establishment_user.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/establishment_user.controller.js
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ exports.createUser = async (req, res) => {
       email,
       password: hashed,
       gender,
+      created_by: req.user.id,
     });
 
         //send email to user
@@ -83,6 +84,8 @@ exports.updateUser = async (req, res) => {
     if (email !== undefined && email !== null) data.email = email;
     if (is_active !== undefined && is_active !== null) data.is_active = is_active;
     if (password && password.trim() !== "") data.password = await bcrypt.hash(password, 10);
+    data.updated_by = req.body.updated_by || req.user.id;
+    data.updated_at = req.body.updated_at || new Date();
 
     const [updated] = await EstablishmentUser.update(data, {
       where: { id: req.params.id },
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ exports.changeUserPassword = async (req, res) => {
     // Hash and update new password
     const hashedPassword = await bcrypt.hash(new_password, 10);
     await EstablishmentUser.update(
-      { password: hashedPassword },
+      { password: hashedPassword, updated_by: req.user.id, updated_at: new Date() },
       { where: { id: userId } }
     );
 
diff --git a/app/controllers/notificationTemplate.controller.js b/app/controllers/notificationTemplate.controller.js
index 3a7ce1a..118493f 100644
--- a/app/controllers/notificationTemplate.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/notificationTemplate.controller.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const NotificationTemplate = db.NotificationTemplate;
 // Create template
 exports.createTemplate = async (req, res) => {
   try {
+    req.body.created_by = req.body.created_by || req.user.id;
     const template = await NotificationTemplate.create(req.body);
     res.status(201).send({
       status: "success",
@@ -50,7 +51,10 @@ exports.getTemplateById = async (req, res) => {
 
 // Update template
 exports.updateTemplate = async (req, res) => {
-  try {
+  try {   
+    req.body.updated_by = req.body.updated_by || req.user.id;
+    req.body.updated_at = req.body.updated_at || new Date(); 
+
     const [updated] = await NotificationTemplate.update(req.body, {
       where: { id: req.params.id },
     });
diff --git a/app/controllers/products.controller.js b/app/controllers/products.controller.js
index 8dbcae2..8006bfd 100644
--- a/app/controllers/products.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/products.controller.js
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ exports.createProduct = async (req, res) => {
     }  
 
     req.body.created_by = req.user.id;
-    const data = await Product.create(req.body);  
+    const data = await Product.create(req.body);    
     res.status(201).send({'status':"success",'message':"created successfully",'data': data }); 
   } catch (error) {
     res.status(500).send({'status':"failed",'message':error.message });
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ exports.updateProduct = async (req, res) => {
 
     const object = {
       ...req.body,
-      updated_at: Sequelize.literal("NOW()")
+      updated_by: req.user.id,
+      updated_at: new Date()
     };
 
     const [updated] = await Product.update(object, { where: { id: req.params.id } });
diff --git a/app/controllers/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.controller.js b/app/controllers/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.controller.js
index a1e2c48..d15b951 100644
--- a/app/controllers/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.controller.js
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ exports.createConfig = async (req, res) => {
     req.body.assigned = assignedCount;
     req.body.responded = 0;
     req.body.not_responded = assignedCount;
+    req.body.created_by = req.body.created_by || req.user.id;
 
     const data = await QuarterlyWindowsConfiguration.create(req.body);
     res.status(201).send({
@@ -83,6 +84,8 @@ exports.getConfigById = async (req, res) => {
 // Update configuration
 exports.updateConfig = async (req, res) => {
   try {
+    req.body.updated_by = req.body.updated_by || req.user.id;
+    req.body.updated_at = req.body.updated_at || new Date();
     const [updated] = await QuarterlyWindowsConfiguration.update(req.body, {
       where: { id: req.params.id },
     });
diff --git a/app/controllers/submission.controller.js b/app/controllers/submission.controller.js
index aeb7a73..c73fc40 100644
--- a/app/controllers/submission.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/submission.controller.js
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ exports.createSubmission = async (req, res) => {
     if (exists) {
       return res.status(400).json({status: "failed", message: `Submission already exists for establishment_id: ${establishment_id}, quarter: ${quarter}, year: ${year}`});
     }
-
+    submissionData.created_by = submissionData.created_by || req.user.id;
 
     const submission = await Submission.create({establishment_id, quarter, year, ...submissionData});
 
@@ -45,11 +45,8 @@ exports.createSubmission = async (req, res) => {
       const currentResponded = config.responded ?? 0;
       const currentNotResponded = config.not_responded ?? 0;
       // respond increase, not responded decrease
-      await QuarterlyWindowsConfiguration.update({responded: currentResponded + 1,  not_responded: currentNotResponded - 1 }, {where: { id: config.id }} );
+      await QuarterlyWindowsConfiguration.update({responded: currentResponded + 1,  not_responded: currentNotResponded - 1, updated_by: req.user.id, updated_at: new Date() }, {where: { id: config.id }} );
     }
-
-
-
     
     if (products.length) {
       // products.forEach((p) => (p.submission_id = submission.id));
@@ -212,6 +209,9 @@ exports.updateSubmission = async (req, res) => {
     if (!submission)
       return res.status(404).json({ status: "failed", message: "Submission not found" });
 
+    submissionData.updated_by = submissionData.updated_by || req.user.id;
+    submissionData.updated_at = submissionData.updated_at || new Date();
+    
     // Update main submission record
     await submission.update(submissionData);
 
@@ -270,11 +270,15 @@ exports.updateSubmission = async (req, res) => {
         });
 
         if (existingProduct) {
+          updatedProductData.updated_by = updatedProductData.updated_by || req.user.id;
+          updatedProductData.updated_at = updatedProductData.updated_at || new Date();
           await existingProduct.update(updatedProductData);
         } else {
+          updatedProductData.created_by = updatedProductData.created_by || req.user.id;
           await SubmissionProduct.create(updatedProductData);
         }
       } else {
+        updatedProductData.created_by = updatedProductData.created_by || req.user.id;
         await SubmissionProduct.create(updatedProductData);
       }
     }
@@ -675,7 +679,7 @@ exports.submissionEditRequest = async (req, res) => {
       return res.status(404).json({ status: "failed", message: "Submission not found" });
 
     // Update submission main data
-    await submission.update({ edit_request });
+    await submission.update({ edit_request, updated_by: req.user.id, updated_at: new Date() });
 
     res.status(200).json({
       status: "success",
@@ -701,7 +705,7 @@ exports.enableOrDisableSubmissionEditAccess = async (req, res) => {
       return res.status(404).json({ status: "failed", message: "Submission not found" });
 
     // Update submission main data
-    const result = await submission.update({ edit_request : 0 , edit_access : edit_access});
+    const result = await submission.update({ edit_request : 0 , edit_access : edit_access, updated_by: req.user.id, updated_at: new Date()});
 
     res.status(200).json({
       status: "success",
@@ -736,7 +740,7 @@ exports.approveOrRejectSubmission = async (req, res) => {
       return res.status(404).json({ status: "failed", message: "Submission not found" });
 
     // Update submission main data
-    const result = await submission.update({ approve_reject_status : approve_reject_status , status : statusString, reject_reason, approve_or_reject_by });
+    const result = await submission.update({ approve_reject_status : approve_reject_status , status : statusString, reject_reason, approve_or_reject_by, updated_by: req.user.id, updated_at: new Date() });
 
 
     //send email to establishment user
diff --git a/app/controllers/unitMasterController.js b/app/controllers/unitMasterController.js
index 76e68bb..2fdfb28 100644
--- a/app/controllers/unitMasterController.js
+++ b/app/controllers/unitMasterController.js
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ exports.createUnit = async (req, res) => {
       });
     }
     req.body.uom_short_name = uomShort;
+    req.body.created_by = req.body.created_by || req.user.id;
     
     const unit = await UnitMaster.create(req.body);
     res.status(201).json({ status: "success", data: unit });
@@ -137,6 +138,9 @@ exports.updateUnit = async (req, res) => {
     const unit = await UnitMaster.findByPk(req.params.id);
     if (!unit) return res.status(404).json({ status: "error", message: "Unit not found" });
 
+    req.body.updated_by = req.body.updated_by || req.user.id;
+    req.body.updated_at = req.body.updated_at || new Date();
+
     await unit.update(req.body);
     res.status(200).json({ status: "success", data: unit });
   } catch (err) {
diff --git a/app/controllers/variationReasonMaster.controller.js b/app/controllers/variationReasonMaster.controller.js
index 27304d2..dc3cc0c 100644
--- a/app/controllers/variationReasonMaster.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/variationReasonMaster.controller.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ exports.createReason = async (req, res) => {
     if (!reason)
       return res.status(400).send({ status: "failed", message: "Reason is required" });
 
-    const newReason = await VariationReasonMaster.create({ reason, high_or_low });
+    const newReason = await VariationReasonMaster.create({ reason, high_or_low, created_by: req.body.created_by || req.user.id });
     res.status(201).send({ status: "success", message: "Reason created successfully", data: newReason });
   } catch (err) {
     res.status(500).send({ status: "failed", message: err.message });
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ exports.updateReason = async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const { reason, high_or_low, is_active } = req.body;
     const updated = await VariationReasonMaster.update(
-      { reason, high_or_low, is_active, updated_at: new Date(), updated_on: new Date() },
+      { reason, high_or_low, is_active, updated_at: new Date(), updated_on: new Date(), updated_by: req.user.id },
       { where: { id: req.params.id } }
     );
 
diff --git a/app/controllers/zeroTargetReasonMaster.controller.js b/app/controllers/zeroTargetReasonMaster.controller.js
index a4914f8..9a6632a 100644
--- a/app/controllers/zeroTargetReasonMaster.controller.js
+++ b/app/controllers/zeroTargetReasonMaster.controller.js
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 const db = require("../models");
 const ZeroTargetReasonMaster = db.ZeroTargetReasonMaster;
 
-// ✅ Create
+// Create
 exports.create = async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const { reason, is_active } = req.body;
     if (!reason) return res.status(400).send({ status: "failed", message: "Reason is required" });
 
-    const data = await ZeroTargetReasonMaster.create({ reason, is_active });
+    const data = await ZeroTargetReasonMaster.create({ reason, is_active, created_by: req.user.id });
     res.status(201).send({ status: "success", data });
   } catch (err) {
     res.status(500).send({ status: "failed", message: err.message });
   }
 };
 
-// ✅ Get All
+// Get All
 exports.getAll = async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const data = await ZeroTargetReasonMaster.findAll();
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ exports.getAll = async (req, res) => {
   }
 };
 
-// ✅ Get By ID
+// Get By ID
 exports.getById = async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const { id } = req.params;
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ exports.getById = async (req, res) => {
   }
 };
 
-// ✅ Update
+// Update
 exports.update = async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const { id } = req.params;
+    req.body.updated_by = req.body.updated_by || req.user.id;
+    req.body.updated_at = req.body.updated_at || new Date();
     const [updated] = await ZeroTargetReasonMaster.update(req.body, { where: { id } });
     if (!updated) return res.status(404).send({ status: "failed", message: "Not found" });
     const data = await ZeroTargetReasonMaster.findByPk(id);
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ exports.update = async (req, res) => {
   }
 };
 
-// ✅ Delete
+// Delete
 exports.delete = async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const { id } = req.params;
diff --git a/app/models/UnitMaster.model.js b/app/models/UnitMaster.model.js
index fb29c12..fd3aaa4 100644
--- a/app/models/UnitMaster.model.js
+++ b/app/models/UnitMaster.model.js
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         },
         created_by: {
           type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-          allowNull: true,
+          allowNull: false,
         },
         updated_by: {
           type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
@@ -48,8 +48,14 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
       {
         tableName: "unit_master",
         timestamps: true,
-        createdAt: "created_at",
-        updatedAt: "updated_at",
+        createdAt: {
+        type: DataTypes.DATE,
+        defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW,
+      },
+        updatedAt: {
+        type: DataTypes.DATE,
+        defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW,
+      },
       }
     );
   
diff --git a/app/models/establishment.model.js b/app/models/establishment.model.js
index 96e877e..35d18c9 100644
--- a/app/models/establishment.model.js
+++ b/app/models/establishment.model.js
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         },
         created_by: {
           type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-          allowNull: true,
+          allowNull: false,
         },
         updated_at: {
           type: DataTypes.DATE,
diff --git a/app/models/establishmentPasswordResetRequest.model.js b/app/models/establishmentPasswordResetRequest.model.js
index cb63be2..88ac014 100644
--- a/app/models/establishmentPasswordResetRequest.model.js
+++ b/app/models/establishmentPasswordResetRequest.model.js
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         },
         created_at: { type: DataTypes.DATE, defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW },
         updated_at: { type: DataTypes.DATE, defaultValue: DataTypes.NOW },
-        updated_by: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER },
+        created_by: {type: DataTypes.INTEGER, allowNull: false },
+        updated_by: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, allowNull: true },
         establishment_user_id: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER },
         establishment_id: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER },
       },
diff --git a/app/models/establishmentProduct.model.js b/app/models/establishmentProduct.model.js
index 09bfb48..c7d24d4 100644
--- a/app/models/establishmentProduct.model.js
+++ b/app/models/establishmentProduct.model.js
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
       },
       created_by: {
         type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-        allowNull: true,
+        allowNull: false,
       },
       updated_at: {
         type: DataTypes.DATE,
diff --git a/app/models/establishment_user.model.js b/app/models/establishment_user.model.js
index ba78775..f58bcc4 100644
--- a/app/models/establishment_user.model.js
+++ b/app/models/establishment_user.model.js
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         },
         created_by: {
           type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-          allowNull: true,
+          allowNull: false,
         },
         updated_at: {
           type: DataTypes.DATE,
diff --git a/app/models/notificationTemplate.model.js b/app/models/notificationTemplate.model.js
index 3597a38..61cde3a 100644
--- a/app/models/notificationTemplate.model.js
+++ b/app/models/notificationTemplate.model.js
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
           type: DataTypes.DATE,
           allowNull: true,
         },
+        created_by: {type: DataTypes.INTEGER, allowNull: false },
+        updated_by: { type: DataTypes.INTEGER, allowNull: true },
       },
       {
         tableName: "notification_templates",
diff --git a/app/models/product.model.js b/app/models/product.model.js
index 544b3fc..d139b03 100644
--- a/app/models/product.model.js
+++ b/app/models/product.model.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
       },
       created_by: {
         type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-        allowNull: true,
+        allowNull: false,
       },
       updated_at: {
         type: DataTypes.DATE,
diff --git a/app/models/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.model.js b/app/models/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.model.js
index 84309f1..a0263d9 100644
--- a/app/models/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.model.js
+++ b/app/models/quarterlyWindowsConfiguration.model.js
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         },
         created_by: {
           type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-          allowNull: true,
+          allowNull: false,
         },
         updated_at: {
           type: DataTypes.DATE,
diff --git a/app/models/submission.model.js b/app/models/submission.model.js
index c725a1a..091235f 100644
--- a/app/models/submission.model.js
+++ b/app/models/submission.model.js
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
       },
       created_by: {
         type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-        allowNull: true,
+        allowNull: false,
       },
       updated_by: {
         type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
diff --git a/app/models/submissionDeadline.model.js b/app/models/submissionDeadline.model.js
index 750b374..32c148a 100644
--- a/app/models/submissionDeadline.model.js
+++ b/app/models/submissionDeadline.model.js
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
         },
         created_by: {
           type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-          allowNull: true,
+          allowNull: false,
         },
         updated_by: {
           type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
diff --git a/app/models/submissionHistory.model.js b/app/models/submissionHistory.model.js
index 27d4627..b53312f 100644
--- a/app/models/submissionHistory.model.js
+++ b/app/models/submissionHistory.model.js
@@ -28,13 +28,21 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
           type: DataTypes.STRING,
           allowNull: true,
         },
-        updated_by: {
-          type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-          allowNull: true,
-        },
         created_at: {
           type: DataTypes.DATE,
           allowNull: true,
+        },
+        created_by: {
+          type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
+          allowNull: false,
+        },
+        updated_at: {
+          type: DataTypes.DATE,
+          allowNull: true,
+        },
+        updated_by: {
+          type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
+          allowNull: true,
         }
       },
       {
diff --git a/app/models/submissionProduct.model.js b/app/models/submissionProduct.model.js
index 4b45584..d9c9293 100644
--- a/app/models/submissionProduct.model.js
+++ b/app/models/submissionProduct.model.js
@@ -51,8 +51,14 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
       zero_target_reason_master_id: DataTypes.INTEGER,
       other_zero_target_reason: DataTypes.STRING(255),
       remarks: DataTypes.STRING(255),
-      created_by: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-      updated_by: DataTypes.INTEGER,
+      created_by: {
+        type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
+        allowNull: false,
+      },
+      updated_by: {
+        type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
+        allowNull: true,
+      },
       is_active: {
         type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
         defaultValue: true,
diff --git a/app/models/variationReasonMaster.model.js b/app/models/variationReasonMaster.model.js
index 9bb4b47..e6db067 100644
--- a/app/models/variationReasonMaster.model.js
+++ b/app/models/variationReasonMaster.model.js
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
       },
       created_by: {
         type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-        allowNull: true,
+        allowNull: false,
       },
       updated_at: {
         type: DataTypes.DATE,
diff --git a/app/models/zeroTargetReason.model.js b/app/models/zeroTargetReason.model.js
index 2d93c31..42a8aaf 100644
--- a/app/models/zeroTargetReason.model.js
+++ b/app/models/zeroTargetReason.model.js
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ module.exports = (sequelize, DataTypes) => {
       },
       created_by: {
         type: DataTypes.INTEGER,
-        allowNull: true,
+        allowNull: false,
       },
       updated_at: {
         type: DataTypes.DATE,